Historia de Barcelona

Categoría: New York Times

  • España al borde de una guerra civil

    SPAIN VERGES ON CIVIL WAR
    » Down with King!» Cry Mobs in Barcelona — Martial Law Throughout Kingdom.
    TROOPS JOIN IN REVOLT
    Refuse to Fire on Mobs and Disobey Officers at Front in Morocco.
    LOSSES HEAVY AT MELILLA
    Gen. Pintos and Other Officers Killed — Casualties Exceed 200 — Severe Previous Losses Reported.

    Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES.

    LONDON, July 28. — Martial law has been declared throughout the whole of Spain, and in Catalonia, where the troubles are clearly revolutionary in character, the severest measures of repression will be enforced.

    The seriousness of the situation is sufficiently indicated by official dispatches which have passed the censorship, and which doubtless do not emphasize the worst features.

    The riots at Barcelona have assumed the character of civil war. The rioters’ barricades have been destroyed by artillery, churches have been burned, bridges blown up, and railways dynamited. News of serious losses to the Spanish arms at Melilla will add fresh fuel to the domestic conflagration.

  • Una matanza por el ejército acaba con la revolución en Barcelona; rumores sobre el futuro de Maura; la implicación de Lerroux en la revolución

    RIOTERS REPORTED CRUSHED.
    Principal Bands Rounded Up in Barcelona and Killed or Captured.

    MADRID, July 29. — It was officially announced to-night that the cavalry engaged at Barcelona succeeded in driving into St. Martin Square the principal bands of revolutionists, against whom the artillery opened fire, causing great losses. The survivors surrendered.

    The official statement further says that it now remains only to master small groups of revolutionists in the villages in the vicinity of Barcelona.

    Thus, according to official advices, the insurrection has been checked, but at a great sacrifice of life. After fighting desperately and successfully for a long time behind barricades the principal mobs were gradually driven to St. Martin’s Square, where they found themselves entrapped.

    Heavy detachments of artillery and cavalry came up and surrounded them. The artillery opened fire, mowing down the revolutionists, who sought to escape, but were met at every point with shot and shell.

    Those of the insurgents who were not killed or seriously wounded threw down their arms and surrendered.

    The insurrection continues in the neighbouring villages, where the troops are proceeding. The commanders of the soldiers are under orders to spare none who attempts to resist.

    New from Barcelona, the centre of the revolutionary outbreaks, is exceedingly meagre and unsatisfactory. From refugees at Lisbon comes the report that the revolutionists are using bombs and that 100 persons were killed and 200 wounded during the earlier stages of the conflicts.

    Premier Maura announced to-night that he had received more favorable reports from Barcelona, where the situation, according to this official statement, is slightly ameliorated.

    «The arrival of reinforcements,» said the Premier, «will permit the repression of outbreaks.»

    Throughout the day, however, advices received from various quarters indicated that the disturbances in Catalonia were quite as serious yesterday, although the Government has succeeded in getting troops through to certain of the disaffected points. The lines of communication, which had been cut everywhere in Catalonia, have in part been repaired.

    Premier Maura May Resign

    The report that a provisional Government has been established at Barcelona and that the civil Governor has been assassinated is unconfirmed, but rumors are persistent that Premier Maura will resign and that a military dictatorship will be set up in Madrid. However, reports that King Alfonso would form a military Cabinet, presided over by Gen. Weyler, are officially denied.

    [Situación malísima en Marruecos, movilización general del ejército, posición de las finanzas del estado]

    Señor Lacierva, the Minister of the Interior, announced to-day that any newspaper printing reports disagreeing with official information would be prosecuted and its editions suppressed. Since the declaration of martial law throughout Spain yesterday, the censorship over news has been more severe.

    PARIS, July 29. – […]
    Advices received at Hendaye from a conservative and exceptionally well-informed source in Madrid depicts the situation, both exterior and interior, as being more critical than at any time since the Cuban war.

    Although the Spanish Government seeks to create the impression that the movement in Catalonia is anarchistic and simply a protest against the war in Morocco and the policy of Premier Maura, there are the gravest reasons for believing that it is a general and widespread revolutionary outbreak, which a combination of Republicans and Social-Revolutionaries have been secretly and effectively preparing for a long time.

    A dispatch to the Journal from Madrid says that the revolution at Barcelona, it is alleged, was arranged by former Deputy Leroux, chief of the Republicans at Barcelona, who returned recently to Spain from Buenos Ayres.

  • Un barcelonés nuevayorquino sobre ve la Semana Trágica como un conflicto regionalista

    APOLOGY FOR BARCELONA.
    Interested In Industry, the People Object to Fighting.

    To the Editor of The New York Times:

    I notice your dispatches of to-day in regard to the Spanish situation that the disturbances in Barcelona and other Spanish Eastern points are classed as mainly the work of Anarchists and Socialists. Perhaps you have noticed that any time there are disturbances in Catalonia they are attributed to that class of agitators. While there have been occurrences to justify that idea, the facts in the present instance are simply the result of gross injustice prevailing in the conditions in which the army is forced to go about to patch trouble and correct blunders and wrongdoing on the part of high officials, as is the case with the present war in Morocco.

    I was born in Barcelona and lived there long enough to realize some of these things. The men who are sent to the front are ignorant of the reasons why they have to risk their lives, in most cases, and the only information that leaks out is of the kind that shows that they are being made a sacri?ce of on account of bureaucratic wrongdoing. Catalonia has been the land of protest for many years in Spanish history, and the reason of it is that industrial development and commercialism have given that section of Spain the opportunity to feel the benefits of peace instead of war. For years previous to the Cuban rebellion they asked the Government to grant the Cubans autonomy, to keep Cuba for Spain, and retain a valuable market. They protested often when their sons were forced to go to Cuba to shoot down Cubans for wanting what the Catalonians themselves had long advocated.

    Through their prosperity, attained in spite of an antagonistic Government, education has been much more general there than in other portions of Spain, due to an extensive private school system throughout the province. Because of their advancement over the rest of Spain, Catalonians have been mockingly called the «Yankees» of Spain. People who love work and prosper thereby, must necessarily resent the idea of being packed away to fight for unknown reasons, many miles away from their homes. Americans can readily see what that means if methods of raising an army are compared. Here men are called to give their services voluntarily, which they freely offer after they know what the trouble is about. The spirit or unrest in Catalonia and other portions of Spain is the natural result of gross injustice, and it will eventually lead to wholesale insurrection on the part of the army, and probably be the means‘ of eventually putting the war business out of all over Europe. Fighting for the flag is getting to be a delusion where the Government is not the people’s own, and the drift is clear.

    HENRY DALMASES.

    Schenectady, July 29. 1909.

  • La revolución, ¿ganando en Cataluña?

    BARCELONA RUNS WITH BLOOD.
    Fighting Continues and Reinforcements Are Blocked by Strikers.

    PARIS, July 29. — Spanish couriers from Barcelona arriving at Cerbere on the frontier report that artillery is battering the barricades, behind which the insurgents are fighting desperately. Heavy fighting is in progress on the Rambla, in San Anne Square, and the Calle del Espino.

    The gutters are running with blood. The number of dead and wounded cannot be estimated, but it is believed to be heavy.

    Attempts on the Captain General continue as he disposes the position of the troops.

    The Military Governor of Barcelona published a decree to-day ordering the inhabitants of the city to return to their homes. After twenty-four hours any one found in the streets is liable to be shot on sight.

    Many instances of soldiers refusing to fire on the mobs are reported. A Lieutenant of infantry threatened to shoot a policeman who was about to fire his revolver into the crowds.

    The Government forces, failing to make headway, ahve been obliged to act on the defensive, attacking only when absolutely compelled by the menacing position of the revolutionists.

    The situation is further complicated by the spread of the general strike ordered by the labor organizations of Barcelona two days ago. The indications are that the strike will spread to the provinces of Lerida, Gerona, and Tarragona, but no definite news has been received from these points.

    The terror-stricken people are fleeing from the larger towns to the open country and the small villages, where there is less exposure to danger.

    Five convents and several private residences have been burned at Llanza, where the excitement is growing.

    Grave events are expected at Figueras… Comparative calm had been restored when orders were issued to the recruits to report for duty. The entire population is preparing to resist. The Portbou express left Figueras this morning, but stopped at Llanza, where the track had been blown up by dynamite.

    At Junquera … telegraph poles have been chopped down. All places where public funds have been deposited are guarded by the military. Business is at a complete standstill. The merchants are panic stricken and are placing their funds in foreign banks for safekeeping.

    Advices from Granollers … state that two convents have been burned to the ground.

    At Cassadelaselva the civil guard was disarmed by the mob and imprisoned in the barracks. The call to the colors of the reservists of 1906 and 1907, who are on leave, was without result, not a single reservist reporting for duty.

    The situation in Barcelona is rendered desperate by the absence of a sufficient military force capable of putting down the revolutionists. This condition results from the dispatch of all available troops to Melilla. The garrisons throughout Catalonia have thus been reduced to 6,000 men, while the revolutionists at Barcelona and adjacent towns far exceed that number.

    The Government forces are also scattered by the need of quelling outbreaks at many detached points. The isolation of the province, owing to the destruction of railways, gave the revolutionary element and strikers forty-eight hours to make uninterrupted preparations to cut off the arrival of reinforcements. They are thus masters of the situation.

    The line from Madrid to Barcelona is a scene of desolation. Trenches many feet wide have been cut across the railway embankments in the country districts. The small bridges spanning the streets in several towns have been pulled down.

    The arrival of reinforcements, so urgently needed by the Government forces, is retarded by the destruction of railroads and the avenues of communication leading to the city. The revolutionists are heavily armed with muskets, knives, and revolvers. They have an effective organization and hospital equipment which promptly looks after the dead and wounded.

    The Government is now seeking to relieve the city by sea, as the land communications are interrupted. All available ships are being hurried to Barcelona.

    Whethere there is an ulterior political purpose behind the revolutionary uprising throughout Catalonia is not yet clear. Outwardly the movement is thus far a protest against the Government’s war policy in Morocco and its levy of large reserve for war purposes.

  • Desmoralización nacional

    SPAIN DEMORALIZED.

    At first glance the dispatches from Spain seem to show that a widespread and formidable campaign has been begun there against the use of the National army in National defense. In other words, the most striking antimilitarist demonstration that history has so far produced seems to be in the course of sudden and surprising development.

  • Salvajismo anticlerical; Madrid dice que ha pasado lo peor; censura sofocante

    BARCELONA RIOTERS SLEW EVEN NUNS; Killed Priests at Altar, Burned Churches and Convents, While Bystanders Cheered. WORST OVER, SAYS MADRID Rioters, Crushed, Have Surrendered — London Hears General Strike in Spanish Capital Is Planned for Monday.

    LONDON, July 30. — The continued strict censorship of the news in Spain is interpreted in the most unfavorable light here, and the reassuring character of the official dispatches is consequently regarded with the utmost suspicion.

  • Escaramuzas y ejecuciones

    120 REBELS SHOT AT BARCELONA
    Authoritative Personage Says 10 Courts-Martial Sat Two Days to Try Them.
    MANY ARRESTS IN MADRID
    Authorities Guarding Against Strike To-Morrow — Rebels Still Hold Much of Barcelona, Reports Say.

    SAN SEBASTIAN, Spain, by Way of the French Frontier, July 31. — An authoritative personage declared to-night that ten courts-martial sat continuously throughout Thursday and Friday, and that the number of revolutionists condemned and shot is estimated at 120. About three thousand revolutionists were killed and wounded by machine guns or rifle fire.

    Although all the dispatches from Madrid, which pass through the hands of a censor, agree that Gen. Brandos, the military commander at Barcelona, has ruthlessly crushed the revolt there, executing many ringleaders, and that the Government is now master of the situation, private reports from Barcelona say the revolutionists still hold much of the city, and that the artillery has been unable until now to dislodge them.

    A Barcelona dispatch dated to-day says: «Yesterday afternoon new collisions occurred and the soldiers were repulsed. Assaults were directed against the convents of the Conceptionists and the Daughters of Mary. Many were wounded in lower quarters of the city. A fusillade was commenced again, the rioters shooting from the roofs of houses.»

    […]

  • «Muchos extranjeros muertos, Ferrer también»

    FOREIGNERS AMONG VICTIMS.
    Many French and Italians Reported Among Dead, Wounded, or in Prison.

    LONDON, Aug. 3.–In a dispatch from Barcelona yesterday the correspondent of The Daily Telegraph says:
    «Gen. Santiago has started sending out forces to restore order in the neighboring towns and villages. The officers have been ordered to take swift and vigorous measures, but Gen. Santiago thinks that no serious resistance will be offered the troops.

    «Replying to a note sent him by the foreign Consuls stating that in the event of foreigners being endangered the Consuls would ask for warships, Gen. Santiago said that such a step would be needless, as he had sufficient forces to maintain order. He has wired Madrid that he needs no further reinforcements, and accordingly the brigades now under arms intended for Barcelona, will be diverted to Melilla.»
    The Daily Telegraph’s Madrid correspondent, in a dispatch sent by way of Biarritz, asserts that many foreigners, especially Frenchmen and Italians, are among the dead. The correspondent adds that it is reported that among those killed in the fighting was Señor Ferrer, former Director of the Modern School of Barcelona, who was regarded as the instigator of the bomb outrage upon King Alfonso and Queen Victoria in the Calle Mayor on the royal wedding day. Ferrer was arrested for complicity in the outrage, but was acquitted.

    Another Barcelona dispatch says order is almost completely re-established in Barcelona proper, but the trouble continues on the outskirts of the city, and that among the victims of the military courts-martial are two members of the Chamber of Deputies and eight Aldermen of Barcelona.

    At 1 o’clock in the afternoon life in the city and its suburbs was again normal. The newspapers were being published and work generally had been resumed. At the solicitation of the authorities, the employers have agreed to offer a premium of a week’s wages to every person coming back to work.

  • La Semana Trágica no deja huella

    SPANISH GAYETY PERSISTS.
    Even in Barcelona People Have Apparently Forgotten Revolt.

    LONDON, Aug. 4. — The Daily Telegraph’s special correspondent, who has just arrived in Barcelona, sends to his paper a dispatch giving a curious picture of the indifference or ignorance the Spanish people evinced throughout his journey from the frontier, even in Madrid, to the events in Barcelona.

    «The tranquillity and gayety of the populace of Madrid,» the correspondent says, «seems to me incongruous and absurd. Barcelona is not loved much in the rest of Spain, and the old deep hatred between Catalonia and Madrid is aroused on every occasion. The cannonades in Barcelona disturbed Madrid about as much as if they had occurred in a foreign country. Spain favors repression there because Barcelona raised the flag of insurrection.»

    Even in approaching Barcelona the correspondent observed few indications of the recent bloody events there. The railways were running and work and amusements were being resumed.

    Entering Barcelona at night, little out of the ordinary was noticeable except the blackened and burned churches and convents. The streets and cafés were gay, noisy, and brilliant. There was nothing to recall the revolt but an occasional military fanfare.

    «Somewhat surprised and disillusioned,» the correspondent continues, «I make a tour of observation. Everything surprises me. One sees that the interruption of normal life has been slight. The revolution must have been superficial if it has not even upset the good humor of the town.»

  • Más violencia, temor de una nueva huelga general

    FIGHTING IN BARCELONA.
    Collision of Troops and Incendiaries Reported — New Strike Feared.

    LONDON, Aug. 8.–Special dispatches received here from Barcelona by way of the frontier report that fears are prevalent that the general strike will be renewed.

    They report also acts of incendiarism and a collision between the troops and the incendiaries, in which three of the latter were killed and seven wounded.

  • Gran explosión, censura

    BOMB USED IN BARCELONA.
    Only Three Persons Injured — Strict Censorship of the Press.

    PARIS, Aug. 27.–Mail advices from Barcelona say that Thursday night an explosion which was heard for miles startled the city. It was that of a bomb which had been placed inside a public convenience station in the principal street of the city, and three persons were injured.

    The advices add that the censorship continues inexorable and that only a few of the older daily papers are appearing. Not one of these, however, makes mention of the explosion.

  • Proceso de Ferrer

    BARCELONA TRIAL PROCEEDS.
    Court-Martial Hears Evidence That Ferrer Instigated Recent Uprising.

    BARCELONA, Oct. 9. — The trial by court-martial of Ferrer, the former director of the Modern School of Barcelona, who is accused of having been the principal instigator of the recent revolutionary movement in Barcelona, is proceeding here with open doors. Col. Lacalle has been appointed Presiding Judge of the court in the place of Col. Aguerrol.

    The evidence submitted by the Judge who conducted the preliminary investigation included some documents relating to the proclamation of a Spanish republic. It also comprised letters from Republicans, Free Masons, and Free Thinkers residing in various foreign countries, as well as political and revolutionary documents referring to the organization of a universal proletarian society, which, it is argued, proved Ferrer’s complicity in the revolutionary agitation.

    It was emphasized in the course of the evidence that Ferrer conducted his campaign in connection with Señor Iglesias, whose newspaper, El Progreso, menaced the Government with a revolution if the troops were embarked for Morocco.

    The investigating Judge submitted the deposition of a witness who declared that he heard Ferrer say: «If it is necessary we will do as they did in Russia.»

    Much other hearsay testimony regarding remarks attributed to Ferrer was introduced in the course of the hearing. Gen. Brandeis testified that he had heard it said that Ferrer, the instigator of the revolt, had made large amounts of money in speculation.

    Ferrer, speaking in his own defense, described how, with the police dogging his steps, he tried to keep out of sight during the rioting in Barcelona and vicinity. He denied that he had been involved in politics. He declared that he was solely interested in the improvement of the education of the youth of the country. He considered that the rising in Barcelona was quite spontaneous. He attributed the incendiarism that had occurred to the madness of the moment. He was convinced that his prosecution was the work of enemies who wanted to destroy his printing establishment, as they had his modern school.

    He denied the testimony of other witnesses and protested against the acceptance of hearsay evidence and the introduction of what he wrote as a youth twenty-four years ago, when he agitated for the establishment of a republic with the aid of the army.

  • Sentencia en el juicio Ferrer

    FERRER SENTENCED TO DEATH
    Man Accused of Inciting Barcelona Outbreak to be Shot To-morrow.
    MADRID, Oct. 11.-Ferrer, the former Director of the modern school at Barcelona, who has been on trial in that city by court-martial on the charge of having been the principal instigator of the recent revolutionary movement, has been sentenced to death.
    He will be shot Wednesday night unless his sentence is countermanded.

  • Ferrer, fusilado en una zanja

    FERRER SHOT IN A DITCH.; One Volley Kills Him — He Shows Bravery to the End.

    BARCELONA, Oct. 13. — Prof. Francisco Ferrer, the Spanish educator and convicted revolutionist, was executed to-day by shooting at the fortress of Montjuich, where he had been confined since his condemnation by court-martial. He faced the firing squad without flinching and fell dead at the first volley.

  • Procesados cuatro franceses por quema de conventos

    TRY FRENCH AT BARCELONA.; Three Men and Woman Charged with Part in Burning Convent.

  • Carreteras malas y gasolina cara perjudican el coche

    AUTOS GAINING IN SPAIN.; Poor Roads and Dear Fuel Retard Progress — Chance for American Makers.

    Poor roads and the high price of gasoline exert a powerful restraining influence upon the development of the automobile business in Spain, according to United States Vice Consul General Willlam Dawson, Jr., Barcelona. But the use of cars is increasing, and with constant additions to the 3,000 which were known to be owned in the country last year, there is thought to be opportunity for the creation of a favorable market for the American product.

    […]

    The President of a leading automobile club estimated the cars in use in September, 2008, to be as follows: Madrid and district, 500; Barcelona and district, 600; Guipuzcoa and Sebastian, 300; Vizcaya, (Bilbao,) 200; Palma de Mallorca, 300; Seville and district, 100; all other parts of Spain, 1,000. Total, 3,000.

    […]

    The average price of a first-class 20 to 24 horse power 4-cylinder gasoline car in Barcelona, with open side entrance carrosserie, is from $3,100 to $3,175; second grade 4-cylinder French cars of well-known make, $300 to $400 cheaper. Cars in use here range from 16 to 40 horse power, the most popular car being the 16 to 20 to 24 horse power. Steam cars have been tried, but given up. Steam cars and electric runabouts ought, however, to have a decided advantage in Spain on account of the high price of gasoline.

  • Batalla campal en un teatro barcelonés sobre la Primera Guerra Mundial, pero la guerra dice «Sí» a Barcelona

    RIOT OVER WAR IN SPAIN

    Crowd in Barcelona Theatre Fights and Policeman is Wounded

    MADRID, Nov. 15, (Dispatch to the London Morning Post).) – The friends of France in Barcelona organized an entertainment in a theatre in aid of Belgian families. On the appearance in the theatre of the British, French, and Belgian Consuls there was a loud cry of «Long life to the Allies!» One spectator, however, shouted, «Long life to Germany!»

    This caused a violent riot, and there were serious collisions between the parties, with the result that a policeman was severely wounded by a bullet and many persons were arrested.

  • La sangrienta guerra entre la patronal y el sindicalismo afecta a los directivos franceses pero no a los alemanes

    Syndicalist campaign of murder and intimidation against French managers
    LABOR TERRORISM RAMPANT IN SPAIN
    Five French Industrial Managers Murdered in the Last Two Months.
    BARCELONA PANIC-STRICKEN
    Deputy Gives Notice of an Interpellation on the Subject in the French Chamber
    By WALTER DURANTY.
    Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES

    PARIS, June 28.– An amazing reign of terror in Barcelona and the surrounding region, in the course of which five Frenchmen were murdered by gunmen of the Spanish Labor Party, will form the subject of an interpellation in the near future by Deputy Emanuel Brousse. He will ask the Government, the Matin says, to take steps to insure the protection of the lives and properties of French citizens in Spain in view of the impotence of the Spanish authorities.

    The interpellation will be none the less urgent because German industrialists have been wholly untroubled by what looks like an organized campaign of murder.

    A typical case occurred only this month. François Lefèvre, the French manager of a metallurgical concern in Barcelona, had occasion to dismiss a 20-year-old employee, a Spaniard named Poch. A week later, at 11 o’clock in the morning, while work was in full swing, Poch walked coolly into Lefèvre’s office and shot him dead in front of his terrified clerks and secretary. Poch then departed without molestation and no attempt to arrest him has been made. Four other French industrial managers have been murdered in Spain for equally trivial reasons in the past two months, without any one having been arrested, and twelve others have been forced to leave the country by threats of a similar fate.

    Not long ago the French Consul and a delegation from the Chamber of Commerce demanded protection from the Military Governor of Barcelona, General Anido, who is alleged to have replied that it was all he could do to protect his own life from labor malcontents.

    His civil colleague, Mayor Domingo, was not even successful to that extent. A fortnight ago, while driving his automobile in the principal street of Barcelona, he was surrounded by a group of workers and made the target of a hail of bullets, one of which passed through his body, and he is now lying between life and death.

    The following day three well-known Syndicalists were unexpectedly released from Monjuich Prison, where they had been held since the 1st of March. On their way home all three were shot dead by persons unknown. Their labor comrades attributed the killings to police reprisals, with the result that death warnings have now been received by the majority of the municipal authorities and the principal business men.

    A state bordering on panic prevails among the population, as is illustrated by an incident which occurred outside the Lyceum Theatre, in the main street of Barcelona, a few days ago.

    The engine of a motorcycle suddenly gave vent to a series of loud explosions. Immediately there was a mad rush for shelter on every side. Café tables and flower stalls were upset by the panic-stricken mob. This increased the confusion, to which the Civil Guards and carabineers put the finishing touch by firing their rifles and revolvers indiscriminately in all directions.

    BARCELONA, June 28. — A Syndicalist leader named Bandella was shot and killed here last night while trying to escape from an escort of civil guards. The authorities declare he was one of the most dangerous and active Syndicalists in Barcelona and that he was involved in many recent outrages in this city. Another well-known Syndicalist was found in a street here yesterday morning. It is said he was one of the men who plotted an attack on Mayor Domingo a few days ago.