SPAIN’S EARTHQUAKE DOES LITTLE DAMAGE; Walls of a Few Houses in Totana Cracked and Shocks Felt at Murcia. NO GREAT TIDAL WAVE London Reports from Barcelona False — Normal Communication with All Points.
MADRID, Jan. 30. — All communication with Southern Spain and with the City of Barcelona is uninterrupted and normal, and the reports emanating from England relative to a disastrous earthquake and a tidal wave are untrue.
MORE BOMBS IN BARCELONA.
One Explodes in Cafe, Another Found at Circus Wrecks a Van.
BARCELONA, July 4.–The Terrorist campaign of last year shows signs of being revived. A bomb exploded to-day in a café, doing material damage.
Another found at the circus was placed in a steel van to be taken to the city laboratory. While the van was proceeding thither, the bomb exploded, completely wrecking the vehicle.
Així arribàrem al diumenge 25 de juliol, dia de Sant Jaume, quan començà a circular per la ciutat la nova que les organitzacions obreres havien acordat sumar-se col·lectivament a la protesta i declarar la vaga general que, en efecte, començà l’endemà dilluns 26, en la qual no acudiren a treballar la major part dels obrers, especialment els del moll. Davant d’aquella situació, cap a migdia es reuniren les autoritats en el despatx del Sr. Ossorio y Gallardo i, atès que durant el matí s’havien fet nombroses detencions i havien tingut lloc altres fets de violència en diversos llocs de la ciutat, i l’aspecte de les multituds que, organitzant constants manifestacions, recorrien la Rambla i principals vies no era gens tranquil·litzador, en aquella reunió d’autoritats, i contra el parer i vot del Sr. Ossorio y Gallardo, que creia tenir prou forces per a dominar tot sol el moviment, acordaren declara la plaça en estat de guerra, que després s’estengué per tot Catalunya, per haver-se solidaritzat moltes poblacions a la protesta de la capital. Jo aleshores feia per al nostre diari [El Poble Català] la informació diària del govern civil, i recordo perfectament l’actitud d’amargor i de contrarietat amb què el Sr. Ossorio ens comunicà el susdit acord i la seva actitud oposada. Aquella nit mateixa el Sr. Ossorio marxà a Madrid, amb la seva família.
[A]l meu entendre, la gravetat que prengué el moviment des dels primers moments fou deguda en gran part a l’actitud d’indecisió i de veritable feblesa que demostrà en les primeres hores l’autoritat militar, exercida pel tinent general D. Luis de Santiago, que s’havia fet càrrec del commandament. Com que la gent que omplia els carrers, en veure sortir la tropa, començà a aplaudir i a aclamar-la, l’exèrcit no gosà de primer moment–naturalment, per ordre superior–actuar amb energia contra els manifestants, i aquests prengueren «agalles». Sobretot, el matí del dimarts es cregueren amos de la ciutat, i mentre la gent de seny i pacífica es retirava esporuguida a casa seva, sortiren al carrer tots els baixos fons amb què una ciutat populosa i de tan complexa composició com la nostra compta amb escreix, això és, els anarquistes d’idea i els anarquitzants de fet, els veritables revolucionaris i els profiteurs dels moviments de subversió. Des del dimarts al migdia fins al divendres a la tarda, aquells elements convertiren la ciutat, sobretot el barri antic i algunes barriades foranes: Sant Andreu, Horta i Sants, especialment, en camp d’una veritable i sagnant lluita armada, en la qual pels dos bàndols hi hagué un gran nombre de víctimes, i causaren danys grandiosos a la propietat privada i als edificis públics. L’arribada de reforços de tropa i l’esgotament de recursos per part dels sediciosos feren que a partir de l’esmentat divendres al migdia la situació millorés considerablement, i que ja el dissabte la força pública dominés els carrers i pogués començar a circular per ells la gent pacífica i a restablir-se la normalitat…
Aquell moviment, malgrat ésser essencialment d’origen polític i vist amb simpatia en els inicis per totes les classes obreres i organitzacions avançades d’Espanya, restà localitzat a Catalunya i no s’estengué a la resta d’Espanya, la qual cosa donà avantatges al Govern per a dominar-lo ràpidament. Quae causae? Una habilitat del ministre de la Governació, Sr. La Cierva. En efecte, aquest va fer creure a la gent d’Espanya que el moviment insurreccional tenia un caràcter i unes finalitats separatistes, i això fou tabú, és a dir, que va bastar pronunciar aquest mot nefand i penjar tal epítet als sediciosos de Catalunya perquè, sense altra informació ni contradir-ho ningú, tothom restés tranquil a la resta d’Espanya i es dessolidaritzés del moviment proletari que realment, essencialment i espiritualment, era un moviment espanyolista i espanyolíssim. I és que hi ha coses que són més fortes que les idees i les conviccions polítiques: els instints racials…
WOMEN FIGHT SAVAGELY.
Witnesses Describe Scenes of Carnage and Conflagration in Barcelona.
CERBERE, France, July 30. — The first direct dispatch from Barcelona since the fighting began there reached this place to-day, and is without date. It says:
«Barcelona has been a perfect hell. Half the population is terrorized, and the other half is mad with blood. The troops of the garrison, amid shouts of approval from the mob, repeatedly refused to fire on the people, and the work of repression fell upon the police and civil guard. They charged the revolutionaries and used their firearms freely everywhere, but numbers were against them. As this dispatch is sent the streets are in possession of the barricaded insurgents. The destruction of property has been great. Barcelona is completely isolated and running short of food.»
Exactly what stage of the proceedings this dispatch covers it is impossible to say.
The officers of the steamer Scutari arriving at Marseilles to-day from Barcelona, which port they left Wednesday afternoon, say the collision between the troops and the rioters began on Monday morning immediately after the declaration of a general strike. The rioters tore up the pavements and built barricades behind which they fought desperately. The troops and civil guard took many of the barriers by assault, and by night had brought about some semblance of order. Rigorous orders were issued by the authorities, the people being instructed to remain in their homes on penalty of being shot on sight after dark.
On Tuesday morning, the Scutari’s officers say, the streets were filled with cavalry, infantry, and artillery, who gradually cleared the principal streets and squares, notably the Rambla Santa Monica and [Plaza de Cataluña], placing the batteries and machine guns so as to command the adjacent streets. The loss of life during these operations was heavy. The rioters, as they were driven back, built new barricades as fast as the old ones were captured, and entrenched themselves in the suburbs of San Andre, San Antonio, [Badalona], and elsewhere, holding the troops at bay in spite of the raking fire of the artillery.
Everywhere flames broke out from churches, convents, and factories, and the skies at night were scarlet with the reflections of the fires. During Tuesday night the rattle of musketry, the drumming of machine guns, and the booming of cannon were ceaseless, and fierce fighting was in progress when the Scutari sailed.
All Convents Burned But One.
Passengers just arrived at Cerbere from Gerona, who went to San Felice from Barcelona by sea and then on foot to Gerona, where they took passage on a train, say the revolution was in full swing when the left the City of Barcelona. The «House of the People,» the headquarters of the rioters, was razed to the ground by artillery, and all of the convents except one in Calle Caspe, which was defended by Jesuits and a civil guard, were burned.
The Montjuich forts bombarded the Rambla and the Paseos. Ten thousand revolutionists were daily fighting in the streets under the direction of a Revolutionary Committee, which had charge of the movement. The Caldos Bridge was blown up by dynamite. At Lesomatin an armed civil body had thrown its fortunes with the revolutionaries and was holding the troops and civil guards at Barcelona.
From other towns on the Franco-Spanish frontier come many reports confirming what has been said of the terrible fury of the women throughout Catalonia. At Barcelona they fought behind the barricades with the men, urging them to fight to the death. Everywhere they resisted searches by gendarmes for recruits for the reserves, barring the doors of their houses and firing at the soldiers from the windows.
CERBERE, France, July 27. — Travelers just arrived here report the situation at Barcelona grave. The civil Governor, when ordered to proclaim martial law, resigned his office. A regiment of infantry has arrived in the city from Tarragona to reinforce the garrison.
Many deserting reservists are fleeing across the frontier. They say they are deserting because the war against the Riff tribes is solely in the interest of Spanish mining speculators.
A train which arrived at the frontier this evening from Barcelona, escorted by soldiers, was attacked and stoned at Figueras…, where the rails have been restored. The troops fired into the attacking party, wounding serveral. The railroads have been cut between Gerona and Barcelona.
MOORS ASSEMBLING TO CRUSH SPANISH
General Strike in Barcelona to Protest Against War Met by Martial Law.
SPAIN REMOVES MARINA
Puts Sanchez In Command at Melilla -Spaniards’ Ammunition Failed and Guns Were Useless in Battle.
SPAIN VERGES ON CIVIL WAR
» Down with King!» Cry Mobs in Barcelona — Martial Law Throughout Kingdom.
TROOPS JOIN IN REVOLT
Refuse to Fire on Mobs and Disobey Officers at Front in Morocco.
LOSSES HEAVY AT MELILLA
Gen. Pintos and Other Officers Killed — Casualties Exceed 200 — Severe Previous Losses Reported.
Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES.
LONDON, July 28. — Martial law has been declared throughout the whole of Spain, and in Catalonia, where the troubles are clearly revolutionary in character, the severest measures of repression will be enforced.
The seriousness of the situation is sufficiently indicated by official dispatches which have passed the censorship, and which doubtless do not emphasize the worst features.
The riots at Barcelona have assumed the character of civil war. The rioters’ barricades have been destroyed by artillery, churches have been burned, bridges blown up, and railways dynamited. News of serious losses to the Spanish arms at Melilla will add fresh fuel to the domestic conflagration.
Al describir la quema de los conventos omitimos, por no dar proporciones desmesuradas al capítulo dedicado a dicho objeto, tratar un asunto del que han pretendido sacar gran partido los elementos reaccionarios. Nos referimos a la tan traída y llevada profanación de cadáveres.
Serenos e imparciales en nuestros juicios, no hemos de dejar sin censura lo hecho con tal motivo. No obstante, lo ocurrido tiene una explicación, según verá el curioso lector.
El convento de las Jerónimas, de rigurosa clausura, era uno de los más antiguos de Barcelona. Leyenda o historia, acaso parte de la una y de la otra, han circulado sobre el mismo diversas versiones según las cuales ocurrían en él cosas extraordinarias.
En efecto, en el antiguo teatro del Odeón, hoy desaparecido, se presentó una pieza, hace más de treinta años, con el título de Los misterios de un convento o la monja enterrada en vida. El asunto no era puramente imaginativo, sino reflejo de algo que había pasado y que la prensa liberal de Barcelona comentó extensamente durante muchos días.
De los relatos publicados se desprendía lo siguiente: durante una noche, un joven escaló las tapias del convento con objeto de coger unas naranjas, a fin de satisfacer los insistentes deseos expresados por su joven esposa, encinta en aquella ocasión. Añadíase que mientras estaba subido en el naranjo vio salir una especie de procesión de monjas, acompañando a una de ellas, de aspecto cadavérico, dirigiéndose al cementerio de la comunidad, adosado a la parte trasera del edificio, donde aquélla fue enterrada en vida. Apenas vueltas las monjas al convento, abandonó el asombrado joven su atalaya, haciendo público lo que acababa de presenciar.
Tal es el relato, que fue comentadísimo en toda la ciudad. Jaime Piquet, un popular autor dramático que por aquel entonces era empresario del teatro dicho, compuso una pieza con el citado título, que fue representada infinitas veces, con general aplauso del elemento liberal.[1]
Algunos años después ocurrió otro caso en el mismo convento. No pudiendo resistir por más tiempo los malos tratos de que era objeto una de las recluidas, escapó por la iglesia, lanzándose de una gran altura y fracturándose una pierna. Recogida por piadosas gentes, fue conducida al Hospital de la Santa Cruz, no sabiéndose más de ella. El hecho fue comentadísimo.
Al pueblo le quedaba la duda, pues, respecto a los misterios que ocurrían en el interior de aquel establecimiento. Y esa duda, agrandada por la fantasía popular, hacía suponer la existencia de monjas emparedadas, enterradas en vida y sometidas a los más atroces martirios.
Esto explica que al ser entregado el edificio a las llamas y al penetrar la multitud en el jardín y ver el cementerio, aquel cementerio de que tanto se había hablado, movida del irresistible deseo de aclarar el eterno misterio que envolvía aquel convento, destapase los nichos y extrajese los cadáveres allí depositados, viendo con asombro que todos tenían atadas las manos y los pies.
Como hay interés en mantener al pueblo sumido en la más completa ignorancia, no puede exigírsele al pueblo los conocimientos necesarios para explicarse ciertas cosas. De ahí que desconozca la costumbre observada en Cataluña desde largos siglos, y aún practicada al presente en algunos pueblos de la montaña, de atar las manos y los pies de los cadáveres apenas acaban de morir los individuos.
Con objeto de que todo el mundo viera las ataduras de los cadáveres, consideradas en la exaltación propia de aquellos momentos como prueba concluyente y decisiva de tormentos realizados, entre los reunidos en el jardín de las Jerónimas surgió la idea de pasearlos por la ciudad. Y dicho y hecho. Un grupo que no bajaría de un millar de individuos, cogió los catorce cadáveres extraídos de las tumbas y los condujo por las calles, abandonándolos en distintos sitios a medida que le salía al paso la fuerza pública. Tal fue lo ocurrido. En los demás conventos nada de esto se hizo.
Ya lo hemos dicho: no aprobamos el hecho, pero nos lo explicamos. Y menos aprobamos aún la existencia en el siglo XX de los conventos de clausura, que constituyen un escarnio a la civilización, a la justicia, a la higiene y a todo cuanto tiende a la perfectibilidad humana.
RIOTERS REPORTED CRUSHED.
Principal Bands Rounded Up in Barcelona and Killed or Captured.
MADRID, July 29. — It was officially announced to-night that the cavalry engaged at Barcelona succeeded in driving into St. Martin Square the principal bands of revolutionists, against whom the artillery opened fire, causing great losses. The survivors surrendered.
The official statement further says that it now remains only to master small groups of revolutionists in the villages in the vicinity of Barcelona.
Thus, according to official advices, the insurrection has been checked, but at a great sacrifice of life. After fighting desperately and successfully for a long time behind barricades the principal mobs were gradually driven to St. Martin’s Square, where they found themselves entrapped.
Heavy detachments of artillery and cavalry came up and surrounded them. The artillery opened fire, mowing down the revolutionists, who sought to escape, but were met at every point with shot and shell.
Those of the insurgents who were not killed or seriously wounded threw down their arms and surrendered.
The insurrection continues in the neighbouring villages, where the troops are proceeding. The commanders of the soldiers are under orders to spare none who attempts to resist.
New from Barcelona, the centre of the revolutionary outbreaks, is exceedingly meagre and unsatisfactory. From refugees at Lisbon comes the report that the revolutionists are using bombs and that 100 persons were killed and 200 wounded during the earlier stages of the conflicts.
Premier Maura announced to-night that he had received more favorable reports from Barcelona, where the situation, according to this official statement, is slightly ameliorated.
«The arrival of reinforcements,» said the Premier, «will permit the repression of outbreaks.»
Throughout the day, however, advices received from various quarters indicated that the disturbances in Catalonia were quite as serious yesterday, although the Government has succeeded in getting troops through to certain of the disaffected points. The lines of communication, which had been cut everywhere in Catalonia, have in part been repaired.
Premier Maura May Resign
The report that a provisional Government has been established at Barcelona and that the civil Governor has been assassinated is unconfirmed, but rumors are persistent that Premier Maura will resign and that a military dictatorship will be set up in Madrid. However, reports that King Alfonso would form a military Cabinet, presided over by Gen. Weyler, are officially denied.
[Situación malísima en Marruecos, movilización general del ejército, posición de las finanzas del estado]
Señor Lacierva, the Minister of the Interior, announced to-day that any newspaper printing reports disagreeing with official information would be prosecuted and its editions suppressed. Since the declaration of martial law throughout Spain yesterday, the censorship over news has been more severe.
PARIS, July 29. – […]
Advices received at Hendaye from a conservative and exceptionally well-informed source in Madrid depicts the situation, both exterior and interior, as being more critical than at any time since the Cuban war.
Although the Spanish Government seeks to create the impression that the movement in Catalonia is anarchistic and simply a protest against the war in Morocco and the policy of Premier Maura, there are the gravest reasons for believing that it is a general and widespread revolutionary outbreak, which a combination of Republicans and Social-Revolutionaries have been secretly and effectively preparing for a long time.
A dispatch to the Journal from Madrid says that the revolution at Barcelona, it is alleged, was arranged by former Deputy Leroux, chief of the Republicans at Barcelona, who returned recently to Spain from Buenos Ayres.
APOLOGY FOR BARCELONA.
Interested In Industry, the People Object to Fighting.
To the Editor of The New York Times:
I notice your dispatches of to-day in regard to the Spanish situation that the disturbances in Barcelona and other Spanish Eastern points are classed as mainly the work of Anarchists and Socialists. Perhaps you have noticed that any time there are disturbances in Catalonia they are attributed to that class of agitators. While there have been occurrences to justify that idea, the facts in the present instance are simply the result of gross injustice prevailing in the conditions in which the army is forced to go about to patch trouble and correct blunders and wrongdoing on the part of high officials, as is the case with the present war in Morocco.
I was born in Barcelona and lived there long enough to realize some of these things. The men who are sent to the front are ignorant of the reasons why they have to risk their lives, in most cases, and the only information that leaks out is of the kind that shows that they are being made a sacri?ce of on account of bureaucratic wrongdoing. Catalonia has been the land of protest for many years in Spanish history, and the reason of it is that industrial development and commercialism have given that section of Spain the opportunity to feel the benefits of peace instead of war. For years previous to the Cuban rebellion they asked the Government to grant the Cubans autonomy, to keep Cuba for Spain, and retain a valuable market. They protested often when their sons were forced to go to Cuba to shoot down Cubans for wanting what the Catalonians themselves had long advocated.
Through their prosperity, attained in spite of an antagonistic Government, education has been much more general there than in other portions of Spain, due to an extensive private school system throughout the province. Because of their advancement over the rest of Spain, Catalonians have been mockingly called the «Yankees» of Spain. People who love work and prosper thereby, must necessarily resent the idea of being packed away to fight for unknown reasons, many miles away from their homes. Americans can readily see what that means if methods of raising an army are compared. Here men are called to give their services voluntarily, which they freely offer after they know what the trouble is about. The spirit or unrest in Catalonia and other portions of Spain is the natural result of gross injustice, and it will eventually lead to wholesale insurrection on the part of the army, and probably be the means‘ of eventually putting the war business out of all over Europe. Fighting for the flag is getting to be a delusion where the Government is not the people’s own, and the drift is clear.
HENRY DALMASES.
Schenectady, July 29. 1909.
BARCELONA RUNS WITH BLOOD.
Fighting Continues and Reinforcements Are Blocked by Strikers.
PARIS, July 29. — Spanish couriers from Barcelona arriving at Cerbere on the frontier report that artillery is battering the barricades, behind which the insurgents are fighting desperately. Heavy fighting is in progress on the Rambla, in San Anne Square, and the Calle del Espino.
The gutters are running with blood. The number of dead and wounded cannot be estimated, but it is believed to be heavy.
Attempts on the Captain General continue as he disposes the position of the troops.
The Military Governor of Barcelona published a decree to-day ordering the inhabitants of the city to return to their homes. After twenty-four hours any one found in the streets is liable to be shot on sight.
Many instances of soldiers refusing to fire on the mobs are reported. A Lieutenant of infantry threatened to shoot a policeman who was about to fire his revolver into the crowds.
The Government forces, failing to make headway, ahve been obliged to act on the defensive, attacking only when absolutely compelled by the menacing position of the revolutionists.
The situation is further complicated by the spread of the general strike ordered by the labor organizations of Barcelona two days ago. The indications are that the strike will spread to the provinces of Lerida, Gerona, and Tarragona, but no definite news has been received from these points.
The terror-stricken people are fleeing from the larger towns to the open country and the small villages, where there is less exposure to danger.
Five convents and several private residences have been burned at Llanza, where the excitement is growing.
Grave events are expected at Figueras… Comparative calm had been restored when orders were issued to the recruits to report for duty. The entire population is preparing to resist. The Portbou express left Figueras this morning, but stopped at Llanza, where the track had been blown up by dynamite.
At Junquera … telegraph poles have been chopped down. All places where public funds have been deposited are guarded by the military. Business is at a complete standstill. The merchants are panic stricken and are placing their funds in foreign banks for safekeeping.
Advices from Granollers … state that two convents have been burned to the ground.
At Cassadelaselva the civil guard was disarmed by the mob and imprisoned in the barracks. The call to the colors of the reservists of 1906 and 1907, who are on leave, was without result, not a single reservist reporting for duty.
The situation in Barcelona is rendered desperate by the absence of a sufficient military force capable of putting down the revolutionists. This condition results from the dispatch of all available troops to Melilla. The garrisons throughout Catalonia have thus been reduced to 6,000 men, while the revolutionists at Barcelona and adjacent towns far exceed that number.
The Government forces are also scattered by the need of quelling outbreaks at many detached points. The isolation of the province, owing to the destruction of railways, gave the revolutionary element and strikers forty-eight hours to make uninterrupted preparations to cut off the arrival of reinforcements. They are thus masters of the situation.
The line from Madrid to Barcelona is a scene of desolation. Trenches many feet wide have been cut across the railway embankments in the country districts. The small bridges spanning the streets in several towns have been pulled down.
The arrival of reinforcements, so urgently needed by the Government forces, is retarded by the destruction of railroads and the avenues of communication leading to the city. The revolutionists are heavily armed with muskets, knives, and revolvers. They have an effective organization and hospital equipment which promptly looks after the dead and wounded.
The Government is now seeking to relieve the city by sea, as the land communications are interrupted. All available ships are being hurried to Barcelona.
Whethere there is an ulterior political purpose behind the revolutionary uprising throughout Catalonia is not yet clear. Outwardly the movement is thus far a protest against the Government’s war policy in Morocco and its levy of large reserve for war purposes.
SPAIN DEMORALIZED.
At first glance the dispatches from Spain seem to show that a widespread and formidable campaign has been begun there against the use of the National army in National defense. In other words, the most striking antimilitarist demonstration that history has so far produced seems to be in the course of sudden and surprising development.
BARCELONA RIOTERS SLEW EVEN NUNS; Killed Priests at Altar, Burned Churches and Convents, While Bystanders Cheered. WORST OVER, SAYS MADRID Rioters, Crushed, Have Surrendered — London Hears General Strike in Spanish Capital Is Planned for Monday.
LONDON, July 30. — The continued strict censorship of the news in Spain is interpreted in the most unfavorable light here, and the reassuring character of the official dispatches is consequently regarded with the utmost suspicion.
120 REBELS SHOT AT BARCELONA
Authoritative Personage Says 10 Courts-Martial Sat Two Days to Try Them.
MANY ARRESTS IN MADRID
Authorities Guarding Against Strike To-Morrow — Rebels Still Hold Much of Barcelona, Reports Say.
SAN SEBASTIAN, Spain, by Way of the French Frontier, July 31. — An authoritative personage declared to-night that ten courts-martial sat continuously throughout Thursday and Friday, and that the number of revolutionists condemned and shot is estimated at 120. About three thousand revolutionists were killed and wounded by machine guns or rifle fire.
Although all the dispatches from Madrid, which pass through the hands of a censor, agree that Gen. Brandos, the military commander at Barcelona, has ruthlessly crushed the revolt there, executing many ringleaders, and that the Government is now master of the situation, private reports from Barcelona say the revolutionists still hold much of the city, and that the artillery has been unable until now to dislodge them.
A Barcelona dispatch dated to-day says: «Yesterday afternoon new collisions occurred and the soldiers were repulsed. Assaults were directed against the convents of the Conceptionists and the Daughters of Mary. Many were wounded in lower quarters of the city. A fusillade was commenced again, the rioters shooting from the roofs of houses.»
[…]
FOREIGNERS AMONG VICTIMS.
Many French and Italians Reported Among Dead, Wounded, or in Prison.
LONDON, Aug. 3.–In a dispatch from Barcelona yesterday the correspondent of The Daily Telegraph says:
«Gen. Santiago has started sending out forces to restore order in the neighboring towns and villages. The officers have been ordered to take swift and vigorous measures, but Gen. Santiago thinks that no serious resistance will be offered the troops.
«Replying to a note sent him by the foreign Consuls stating that in the event of foreigners being endangered the Consuls would ask for warships, Gen. Santiago said that such a step would be needless, as he had sufficient forces to maintain order. He has wired Madrid that he needs no further reinforcements, and accordingly the brigades now under arms intended for Barcelona, will be diverted to Melilla.»
The Daily Telegraph’s Madrid correspondent, in a dispatch sent by way of Biarritz, asserts that many foreigners, especially Frenchmen and Italians, are among the dead. The correspondent adds that it is reported that among those killed in the fighting was Señor Ferrer, former Director of the Modern School of Barcelona, who was regarded as the instigator of the bomb outrage upon King Alfonso and Queen Victoria in the Calle Mayor on the royal wedding day. Ferrer was arrested for complicity in the outrage, but was acquitted.
Another Barcelona dispatch says order is almost completely re-established in Barcelona proper, but the trouble continues on the outskirts of the city, and that among the victims of the military courts-martial are two members of the Chamber of Deputies and eight Aldermen of Barcelona.
At 1 o’clock in the afternoon life in the city and its suburbs was again normal. The newspapers were being published and work generally had been resumed. At the solicitation of the authorities, the employers have agreed to offer a premium of a week’s wages to every person coming back to work.
SPANISH GAYETY PERSISTS.
Even in Barcelona People Have Apparently Forgotten Revolt.
LONDON, Aug. 4. — The Daily Telegraph’s special correspondent, who has just arrived in Barcelona, sends to his paper a dispatch giving a curious picture of the indifference or ignorance the Spanish people evinced throughout his journey from the frontier, even in Madrid, to the events in Barcelona.
«The tranquillity and gayety of the populace of Madrid,» the correspondent says, «seems to me incongruous and absurd. Barcelona is not loved much in the rest of Spain, and the old deep hatred between Catalonia and Madrid is aroused on every occasion. The cannonades in Barcelona disturbed Madrid about as much as if they had occurred in a foreign country. Spain favors repression there because Barcelona raised the flag of insurrection.»
Even in approaching Barcelona the correspondent observed few indications of the recent bloody events there. The railways were running and work and amusements were being resumed.
Entering Barcelona at night, little out of the ordinary was noticeable except the blackened and burned churches and convents. The streets and cafés were gay, noisy, and brilliant. There was nothing to recall the revolt but an occasional military fanfare.
«Somewhat surprised and disillusioned,» the correspondent continues, «I make a tour of observation. Everything surprises me. One sees that the interruption of normal life has been slight. The revolution must have been superficial if it has not even upset the good humor of the town.»
FIGHTING IN BARCELONA.
Collision of Troops and Incendiaries Reported — New Strike Feared.
LONDON, Aug. 8.–Special dispatches received here from Barcelona by way of the frontier report that fears are prevalent that the general strike will be renewed.
They report also acts of incendiarism and a collision between the troops and the incendiaries, in which three of the latter were killed and seven wounded.
BOMB USED IN BARCELONA.
Only Three Persons Injured — Strict Censorship of the Press.
PARIS, Aug. 27.–Mail advices from Barcelona say that Thursday night an explosion which was heard for miles startled the city. It was that of a bomb which had been placed inside a public convenience station in the principal street of the city, and three persons were injured.
The advices add that the censorship continues inexorable and that only a few of the older daily papers are appearing. Not one of these, however, makes mention of the explosion.
[Hoy] se dio cumplimiento á la sentencia del Consejo de guerra que condenó á la pena de muerte al procesado Ramón Clemente, acusado del delito de rebelión y profanación de cadáveres en el convento de las Jerónimos, durante los días de la última semana de julio.
El reo, que desde el viernes de la semana pasada se hallaba en uno de los calabozos del castillo de Montjuich, fue puesto en capilla el domingo, á los dos de la tarde.
A las cuatro subieron al castillo los Hermanos de la Congregación de la Paz y Caridad y el capellán de la fortaleza, don Eloy Hernández Vicente, los cuales entraron en la capilla para acompañar al reo en sus últimos momentos.
De madrugada, á las cinco y media, llegaron al castillo las fuerzas de los regimientos de Numancia y Mallorca encargadas de formar el cuadro.
A las ocho de la mañana, después de haber oído misa el reo, fue conducido al foso de la batería de Santa Amalia, donde se cumplió la sentencia, que ejecutaron ocho soldados del regimiento infantería de la Constitución.
D. E. P.
BARCELONA TRIAL PROCEEDS.
Court-Martial Hears Evidence That Ferrer Instigated Recent Uprising.
BARCELONA, Oct. 9. — The trial by court-martial of Ferrer, the former director of the Modern School of Barcelona, who is accused of having been the principal instigator of the recent revolutionary movement in Barcelona, is proceeding here with open doors. Col. Lacalle has been appointed Presiding Judge of the court in the place of Col. Aguerrol.
The evidence submitted by the Judge who conducted the preliminary investigation included some documents relating to the proclamation of a Spanish republic. It also comprised letters from Republicans, Free Masons, and Free Thinkers residing in various foreign countries, as well as political and revolutionary documents referring to the organization of a universal proletarian society, which, it is argued, proved Ferrer’s complicity in the revolutionary agitation.
It was emphasized in the course of the evidence that Ferrer conducted his campaign in connection with Señor Iglesias, whose newspaper, El Progreso, menaced the Government with a revolution if the troops were embarked for Morocco.
The investigating Judge submitted the deposition of a witness who declared that he heard Ferrer say: «If it is necessary we will do as they did in Russia.»
Much other hearsay testimony regarding remarks attributed to Ferrer was introduced in the course of the hearing. Gen. Brandeis testified that he had heard it said that Ferrer, the instigator of the revolt, had made large amounts of money in speculation.
Ferrer, speaking in his own defense, described how, with the police dogging his steps, he tried to keep out of sight during the rioting in Barcelona and vicinity. He denied that he had been involved in politics. He declared that he was solely interested in the improvement of the education of the youth of the country. He considered that the rising in Barcelona was quite spontaneous. He attributed the incendiarism that had occurred to the madness of the moment. He was convinced that his prosecution was the work of enemies who wanted to destroy his printing establishment, as they had his modern school.
He denied the testimony of other witnesses and protested against the acceptance of hearsay evidence and the introduction of what he wrote as a youth twenty-four years ago, when he agitated for the establishment of a republic with the aid of the army.