Historia de Barcelona

Etiqueta: Ilustración en España

  • Gran nevada

  • El real y supremo consejo de Castilla aprueba las ordenanzas del Gremio de Maestros Zapateros, castigando el intrusismo y el establecimiento de cadenas de tiendas

    […]

    ORDENANZA X.

    Ordenamos: que ninguno que no sea Individuo de dicho Gremio de Maestros Zapateros, podrá tener tienda, operatorio, taller ó fabrica alguna de zapatos, botas, botines, ni otra qualesquiera especie de calzado, aunque no sea cosido, y muy menos que pueda venderlo en la referida Ciudad de Barcelona, sus suburbios y territorio, baxo la pena de ser comisado el calzado, y de veinte y cinco libras, aplicaderas una tercera parte á nuestras penas de Camara, otra para el denunciador, y otra para los gastos del Gremio.

    ORDENANZA XI.

    Ordenamos: que los Individuos que son y serán de dicho Gremio no podrán tener en la expresada Ciudad, y su territorio mas de una tienda abierta para fabricar todo genero de calzados, y para venderlos por mayor, y por menor, asi nuevos, como usados, y vender toda especie de cuero, y quedará privado de poder prestar el nombre á otro, porque cada uno de dichos Individuos deberá regir y gobernar su tienda por sí mismo, baxo la pena de veinte y cinco libras, aplicaderas segun se expresa en la Ordenanza decima.

    […]

  • Se manda construir la fuente propuesta por el diputado Canaleta para la visita de Carlos IV

    Otro suministro y éste importantísimo por ser de primerísima necesidad fue le del agua. La conducción de agua era en bastantes puntos de la ciudad muy deficiente y además existía peligro de que si el tiempo no era favorable algunas fuentes se secaran. Para evitar fallos, el Ayuntamiento, a propuesta del diputado del Común D. Juan Canaleta, acordó que «cuyden particularmente de las obras de minas y encañados» y se «examine lo que convenga practicarse para asegurar el abasto del agua así el ordinario como el extraordinario que se necesite para la temporada de la mansión de SS. MM. en esta Ciudad».[Libro de Acuerdos… 22 de junio, fol. 240; 13 de julio, fol. 262.] Entre otras medidas se ordenó la construcción de conductos de agua y fuentes en la Rambla. [Libro de Acuerdos… 23 de julio, fol. 276.]

  • Entra Carlos IV en un carro triunfal tirado por los prohombres de la ciudad para la doble boda hispano-napolitana; Barcelona, un perro contento a los pies de la Casa de Borbón

    La tarde del once de Setiembre de mil ocho-cientos dos, dia memorable para Barcelona, y época la mas gloriosa en los anales de la Industria y Artes, que por la indecible bondad de Nuestros Augustos Monarcas subiéron á la mas alta cumbre del honor, entráron en esta Ciudad SS. MM. y AA.

    […]

    Por disposicion de los Colegios y Gremios, erigióse en la Rambla y entrada del paseo por la parte de Belen un magnífico y vistoso Arco alegórico, alusivo á la Paz, colocadas en los pedestales Figuras representando Nápoles y Etruria: púsose entre la Iglesia de San Lázaro y el Padron un robusto y copado árbol de perspectiva, al pie del qual estaba Cataluña, descubriéndose entre la frondosidad de las ramas los escudos de Aragon y Castilla, para simbolizar el enlace del Conde de Barcelona Don Ramon Berenguer IV. con Doña Petronila de Aragon, y el de don Fernando Segundo con Doña Isabel de Castilla: y á la mitad del camino de la Cruz Cubierta (que á costas de las mismas Corporaciones se habia hermoseado con arcos y estatuas) se dispuso una Glorieta, octágona, de cien palmos de diámetro con quarente y cinco de altura; las dos fachadas de órden corintio, y lo interior de órden dórico, distribuida en doce arcos con sus correspondientes colgaduras.

    Este fué el lugar glorioso donde los Colegios y Gremios de Barcelona no solo tuviéron el consuelo de ver las Reales Personas, y de ser los primeros en ofrecer homenage á SS. MM.; sino que recibiéron la prueba mas segura del paternal amor que les profesan Nuestros Soberanos.

    Meditaba la Comision de los Colegios y Gremios en los obsequios que debian tributar á sus Reyes y Augustos Protectores: y llena de gratitud por las nuevas singulares gracias con que su Real dignacion les habia conservado la exîstencia política, y fomentando los progresos de las Artes é Industria de Barcelona ¿que proyecto podia concebir mas honroso para estas, ni mas propio de su lealtad y cariño, que el de conducir en triunfo á sus Conservadores? Así lo resolvió, y ofreció por mediacion del Excelentísimo Señor Príncipe de la Paz con fecha de tres de Julio último, quien contextó en los siguientes términos:

    «Veo por el papel de Vms. de tres del que rige los obsequios y festejos con que los Individuos de esos Colegios y Gremios esperan recibir á SS. MM. quando lleguen á esa Capital; cuyas demostraciones de tan leales Vasallos serán gratas á sus Reales Personas, y no se negarán á admitirlas; pero siendo suficiente prueba de su fidelidad y amor el manifestarlas, no querrán que el carro triunfal tirado por los Individuos de las Corporaciones, y dispuesto para tener el honor de conducirlas salga á mucha distancia de esa poblacion…»

    Construyóse pues á expensas de estos un Carro de ayrosa delineacion y exquisita escultura: todo dorado, y vestido de tela de plata: con almohadas de terciopelo carmesí en el pesebron cubierto de tisú de oro: sobre el juego delantero se representaba la fidelidad Barcelonesa en un Perro que, con una llave en la boca, y apoyándose sobre el escudo de Barcelona, la clava de Hércules, y la piel Neméa, volvia su cabeza hácia atras mirando el Leon, que tenia entre sus garras dos globos y significaba el Monarca de España, Señor de dos Mundos.

    […]

    La propia tarde del once fué conducido el carro á la Glorieta, donde esperáron á SS. MM. los Comisionados de los Colegios y Gremios, y los Individuos de estos que habian de tirarle.

    […]

    Habiéndose dignado SS. MM. ocupar el Carro Triunfal, quantos mereciéron la augusta confianza de conducirle arrojáron sus sombreros á impulsos del gozo; y prosiguió la comitiva por este órden.

    […]

    Los adornos de las calles, los trofeos, arcos y templos erigidos en las plazas, los repetidos cañonazos, el repique de las campanas, las orquestas distribuidas en la carrera, las muestras de alegría y vivas continuados del inmenso concurso, y el pomposo acompañamiento formaban un espectáculo tan tierno como magestuoso, verdaderamente triunfal. No como en la antigua Roma, donde el llanto del huérfano y de la viuda, la destruccion de las naciones sojuzgadas, y la degradacion del hombre esclavo mezclaban el terror y la tristeza con las aclamaciones de los soldados, á cuyo valor y á la fortuna debian su gloria los Vencedores; sino como en el triunfo de unos Soberanos, que por sus virtudes pacíficas son las delicias de su Pueblo, honran con su proteccion las Artes que gloriosas los conducen en alas de la lealtad agradecida, y perfeccionando la educacion popular y ennobleciendo la Industria Nacional, hacen eterna la felicidad de sus vasallos.

  • María Antonieta de Nápoles casi se desmaya al ver lo feo que es su futuro esposo, Fernando de Borbón

    «Bajo de la carroza y veo el Príncipe: creí desmayarme: después del retrato que era más feo que guapo, pues bien, era un Adonis; estaba turbado. Os debéis acordar de que San Teodoro había escrito que era un guapo muchacho, con mucho espíritu y amable. Cuando uno está prevenido, encuentra el mal menor: pero yo que creía esto, me quedé muy asustada al ver todo lo contrario… Poco después fuimos conducidos a nuestro cuarto, y yo me puse a llorar: lo que duró toda la noche; maldiciendo el momento que me había hecho consentir en semejante cosa y la persona que me había engañado; pero el mal estaba hecho: no había ningún remedio.» en el mismo sentido con que escribía al archiduque Fernando había escrito la Princesa a su madre. En una carta de 17 de octubre María Carolina decía al marqués de Gallo: «El marido es horrible de rostro, con una voz que da miedo, y un completo bobalicón.»

  • Se recibe a Manuel Godoy con más extravagancia que a Carlos IV

    The king’s visit to Barcelona last year (1802) when the double marriage took place, is still the subject of conversation. The grandest scene on this occasion was, the three nights’ procession representing the blessings of peace, and the ancient triumphs of Spanish history, particularly the eastern expeditions of the Catalans and Arragonese in the fourteenth century. The dresses are said to have been very splendid; but judging by the prints which are now sold, not much taste was displayed in the machines and decorations made use of in this festival. To discharge the expense, the town was laid under a contribution; an English merchant told us that his share amounted to seventy pounds. The king was a month on his road from Madrid, through Sarragosa, and his retinue was like an army: upwards of eighty thousand persons, exclusive of the inhabitants of the city, were collected; and the Catalans felt a generous pride in observing that no accident or quarrel occurred, and no life was lost, notwithstanding the enmity subsisting between them and the Spaniards. This enmity is carried to such a height, that, when it was proposed to strike a medal in honour of the king’s visit, the academy of arts of St. Fernando, at Madrid, were requested to superintend the execution; but this body actuated by a most illiberal and unworthy spirit, endeavoured to excuse themselves, and made every possible delay; which so enraged the Catalans, that they withdrew the business from their hands, and entrusted it to their own academy. The medal was produced in a month, and remains a record rather of their loyal zeal, than of their ability in the fine arts. The Prince of the Peace [Godoy] appeared here in greater state than the king himself; he was lodged in the palace of commerce, and had a guard of honour daily mounted before his door.

    [Undated]

  • Desde Barcelona se devuelve Luisiana a Francia

    The royal order from the king of Spain for the delivery to France, was issued at Barcelona, October 15, 1802. It directs the delivery to be made to general Victor or other officer authorised by the French republic; and he is to be put in possession of «the colony of Louisiana and its dependencies, as also of the city and island of New Orleans, with the same extent that it now has, that if, had in the hands of France when she ceded it to my royal crown, and such as it ought to be after the treaties, &c.»

  • Vista de la ciudad, los encantos de la catedral, italianos en el teatro

    As we proceeded to the stairs in the harbour, the first view of the city particularly struck us by its neatness, and the novelty of the houses contiguous to the port, the greater part of which are new. A large building, the Tribunal of Commerce, stands in front; and the whole scene is exceedingly pleasing, though it exhibits little or nothing of magnificence. The great quay, however, is a noble work, by far the grandest I have seen any where: it was crowded with people, whose cleanliness, bustle, and costume surprised and delighted us. The appearance here is really more striking than I can describe; every body is in motion, and industry busy in every street.

    Having secured apartments at los coatro nationes [Las cuatro naciones], a new inn, we began our walk through the town. The cathedral is a small but venerable, Gothic building. The cloister planted with orange trees, and surrounded by chapels, many of which have old armour, swords, and shields, suspended over their altars, is a fit introduction to such an edifice. But the church itself with its spiral stalls, «chaunted mass,» gloomy aisles, and «dim religious light» struggling through a few rich windows, and resting at last upon the gilt traces of a high-wrought Gothic altar, carried me more forcibly than any thing I can remember into the darkest ages of monkish devotion. The Catholic ceremonies are fine only in their edifices; the effect of this altar to me, who had just landed from the tawdry «crimped Grecian» spectacles of Italy, the idea of its having remained in the same state for ages, and that it has never been profaned by French violence, struck me with a mingled sensation of reverence and satisfaction.

    Hence we proceeded into the world again; and at the custom-house, a solid, handsome, though not architecturally beautiful building, were present at the examination of our trunks, which was performed with great civility by an officer who was well acquainted with the English, French, and Italian languages. He inspected all my books, one of which was the common prayer; he read the title page aloud and returned it to me. The bustle of business in the custom-house is very great; and the strictness with which the baggage of travellers is generally examined, has been much complained of.

    In the evening we visited the theatre: as it begins as early as five o’clock, the Spanish comedy was over when we arrived; but we were in time for the ballet. The theatre is not very large: it is tolerably well constructed; but though neat in the extreme, is miserably deficient in decorations. It has three tiers of boxes and a gallery; a plain white curtain, festooned on a yellow ground; the stage boxes have pilasters adorned with brown arabesks; in the centre of the house is suspended a mean lamp; but the general effect, from its extreme neatness and cleanliness is not unpleasing. The exterior bears the date of 1776. We were best entertained with the ballet Matilda di Orsino, a bustling Spanish story. The scenery was new, well managed, and appropriate; the palace-view was better executed than any scene I have witnessed since I left Paris; the landscapes but indifferently. The dancers are all Italians; but the whole was conducted without extravagance or absurdity, after the French taste. We had only the gusto Italiano for five minutes at the end, when three twirling buffoons with white breeches made their appearance. The good taste which prevails in this department is owing to the first female dancer, La Perron, who received her education at Paris; she has considerable merit, and the actors are respectable. The orchestra is rather scanty. The house was by no means full; the company in the boxes were neatly dressed, and the audience in general quiet and well behaved: the whole performance was finished at eight o’clock.

  • Un pueblo religioso, el espantoso palacio de la Virreina, la Escuela Llotja

    We were surprised to find the bishop’s palace not more considerable than most of the better sort of houses in the town. The present prelate is much esteemed, and we heard from the English residents here a very favourable character of the Spanish hierarchy. We observed among the middle and lower orders of people that attention to religion which we expected. The booksellers’ shops have an enormous proportion of theological literature: hardly any door is without a print of the Virgin or some saint; and it is a common custom here to bow to a church in passing, when the bell is tolling.

    About half-past one we walked to the maison de plaisance of Mr. ___, who had invited us to dinner: it was about two miles from the city. The whole surrounding country was sprinkled, over with little boxes, generally consisting of a kitchen below, and above stairs a dining room, a bed room or two, and an open arcade; principally places for retirement and relaxation, but hardly any of them large enough for receiving a family. In our way to Mr. ___’s, we passed an ugly painted house, with four towers ending in short spires, built by a viceroy of Peru, who sent the plan over from that country; and it is said to be a specimen of the Peruvian style of architecture: nothing can be more frightful, and it appears very small for an officer holding so high and lucrative a post. It stands close to the road, and is merely surrounded by a little garden.

    After dinner we returned to Barcelona, which from the country has a pretty appearance, by a road bounded on each side by a hedge of lofty aloes. We were in time for the ballet, and the second act of the opera; which is performed twice a week by a company of Italians, at the theatre already described, which is indeed the only one in the city: it was executed in a very creditable style, and the first female has considerable vocal powers. The house was extremely crowded. We visited the academy of arts, instituted in the palace of commerce, and supported in the most magnificent manner by the merchants of Barcelona. We were conducted through a long suite of apartments, in which seven hundred boys were employed in copying and designing: some of them, who display superior talents, are sent to Rome, and to the academy of St. Fernando at Madrid; the others are employed in different ways by the merchants and manufacturers. The rooms are large and commodious; and are furnished with casts of celebrated statues, and every proper apparatus. We observed a few drawings of considerable merit, produced by the scholars: but the grand picture before us of liberality and industry, amply rewarded our visit; and was the more striking to us, from having of late been continually accustomed to lament the traces of neglect and decay, so visibly impressed on every similar institution in the impoverished cities of Italy.

  • Montjuic, con vistas de Barcelona y el Llobregat, la fundición de cañones, el tribunal de comercio

    The fortress of Monjoich, which lies to the south of the city, is remarkably strong, particularly on the side towards Valentia; but it is believed that the principal object of the government in building it, was to keep the free spirit of the Catalans in subjection, by commanding the chief town of the principality: it would require three thousand men to defend it against an enemy. The view of the city from the walls of the fortress is very complete. I cannot by any means allow that it contains a hundred and fifty thousand inhabitants; two-thirds of that number accords better with its general appearance, and even then perhaps the amount would be over-rated. There is nothing of magnificence in this prospect; any one who can imagine a pretty white town with a few ugly steeples rising out of it, backed by a range of hills which are sprinkled over with little pleasure-houses, will have an accurate idea of the general view of Barcelona. The prospect from Monjoich towards the south, is a fine plain, rich beyond description, through which the Llobregat flows into the sea, which it discolours to a great distance.

    This plain is terminated by hills; and through an opening of these Montserrat is plainly discovered. The west side of the fortress is bounded by the sea, which washes the foot of the precipice on which it stands. In descending Monjoich, while we were meditating on its name, we observed a stone by the road-side, which had the remains of an Hebrew inscription; but I could neither learn its history, nor that of the mountain. At the inn we found the master of the mules; with whom we agreed for two good beasts and an attendant, to carry us to Montserrat on the following day. We are to pay four dollars for going, and the same for returning, for two mules; and three dollars a day for the time we choose to remain there.

    The cannon-foundry at Barcelona is a magnificent establishment; and as the workmen are kept constantly in employ, the store of artillery must be immense. An officer of the engineers shewed us the furnace with the brass prepared which is to be melted tomorrow: and afterwards carried us into the workshop, where the operations of boring, scraping, polishing, and ornamenting the cannon, were going on with great alacrity. Another officer conducted us to the magazine of fire arms, sufficient for a 150,000 men; all are well kept, and shutters are making to preserve them still more carefully. We were next shewn the department where gun-carriages, artillery-carts, &c. are manufactured: a considerable number of persons were preparing wood and iron for these purposes. This superb cannon-foundry is inferior only to that of Seville. When the king was here, several cannon were cast in his presence. We observed in the principal workshop an image of the Virgin, placed in a conspicuous station, with candles before her; and the common prints of St. Francis and St. Anthony pasted upon almost every part of the walls of the manufactory.

    The palace of the Tribunal of Commerce has precisely the appearance of an English town-hall, or sessions-house of the last century: the architecture, consisting of a front of four half-columns, and a pediment with the royal arms, is regular and neat, but perfectly insipid; it is the chief building in Barcelona. In its court are placed statues of Neptune, and the four quarters of the world, which are greatly admired in this city: the first is awkward in the design, and indifferently executed; the others are a most ludicrous confirmation of what we heard yesterday, that no women are suffered to be studied as models in the academy of Barcelona.

  • Las villas de Barcelona, menos bonitas que las de Italia, sus carruajes anticuados

    After riding through the lively village of St. Andreol, we found ourselves in the fertile and populous vicinity of Barcelona. The city, backed by Monjoich, has a pretty look on this side; and though it was impossible for us, whose eyes had been so lately feasted with the charms of Naples and Genoa, to be struck with the villas of Barcelona, yet returning from monastic solitude [they had been to Montserrat], they delighted us extremely. We hastened lest we should be too late for the gates, which are always shut at eight o’clock.
    […]
    We found the Rambla (the parade of Barcelona) crowded by all the middle orders of the citizens ; men, women, priests, and monks. It was the double holiday of Whit-Monday and Saint Renpands. After the opera, about thirty carriages moved in procession: they were generally shabby, both as to the vehicle and the equipage; and many were of the ancient square form. The general’s (which was preceded by two dragoons) and that of the governor, were in the Parisian fashion: the harness of both was handsome, and decorated with silver; the latter had plumes on the horses’ heads.

  • Nelson y el Victory en la costa

    TO WILLIAM MARSDEN, ESQ., ADMIRALTY.

    Victory, off Barcelona, November 15th, 1804.

    The appearances of a rupture with Spain induced me to proceed off this place, in hopes of hearing from his Majesty’s Minister at the Court of Madrid; or, should he not think it proper to write to me, that I might be able to form a judgment whether War or Peace was likely to take place, of the uncertainty which, for some weeks past, has prevailed. For this purpose I sent the Fisgard to Rosas for the purpose of watching, and desiring water and refreshments. The Governor seemed very anxious that he should anchor between the Forts, when he told the Officer the Ship should be furnished with whatever she wanted. In short, his conduct, from rudeness, was so polite, that no doubt was entertained in Lord Mark Kerr’s mind of the views of the Spanish Governor, and he joined me last night.

    The Ambuscade, which I stationed off Barcelona, joined me this morning, with a Merchant Brig which was lying in Barcelona Roads. She was yesterday, on her attempting to join the Ambuscade, fired at by the batteries, and very much damaged, but she escaped. The enclosed letter from Mr. Frere has made me give orders for the general seizure of all Spanish Vessels, whether of War or Merchandize. I have the honour to be, &c.

    NELSON AND BRONTE.
    The Fleet is perfection itself. We have just captured a complete Regiment going to Minorca.1

    1 «Thursday, 15th November. A.M. Boarded an Imperial Ship from Barcelona.
    At 7·15, AEtna boarded a Spanish Bark, having Troops onboard. At 9·30, Ambuscade boarded a Vessel under Spanish colours, having troops onboard. At 10·30, Spencer boarded a Ship, under Russian colours, having Spanish troops onboard.» —Victory’s Log. «On the 18th of November, Lord Nelson sent the Officers, &c. belonging to the Spanish Regiment onboard a Swedish Ship for Barcelona.»—Ibid. «Monday, 19th November. A.M. At 7·20, Excellent detained the Bona Adventura Spanish Schooner of War.»—Ibid.

  • La Royal Navy roba tres barcos del puerto bajo fuego sin sufrir pérdidas

    On the 9th of October, cruising off Barcelona, Captain Sayer despatched three boats under the direction of Lieutenant Richard Gittins, first of the frigate, assisted by master’s mate John Green and James Scanlan the boatswain, to cut out some vessels at anchor in the above port. As the boats approached the harbour, a heavy fire of round and grape was simultaneously opened upon them from three batteries, accompanied by musketry from them and the beach, to which the three schooners to be earned were moored head and stern. In spite of these obstacles, the British succeeded in boarding and bringing out the vessels; and, although exposed for an hour and a half to the fire above noticed, of the good direction of which the injury done to the materiel of the boats and prizes afforded proof, did not have a man hurt.

  • Una «bruja» de la Barceloneta, delatada a la Inquisición por su marido

    In the suburb of Barceloneta, on the thirtieth day of October, one thousand eight hundred and six, before the Rev. Juan Pedrals, Presbyter and Commissary, and me Ignacio Ribes, Presbyter Notary, sworn to preserve secrecy, and perform faithfully our duties, appeared, according to summons, and made oath to declare the truth and preserve secrecy, Manuel Baxo, a native of the town of Blancas, in the bishopric of Gerona, aged sixtyfour years, and dwelling in Barceloneta, in the Calle del Sementerio.

    Questioned, why he had demanded audience.

    Answered, to give the following information to the Holy Office. Within about three years he had observed that his wife, named Cecilia Pruna, and vulgarly la Cileta, had, on many occasions, in his house, performed such practices as these. About ten or twelve o’clock at night, she took a sheep’s liver and put it in an earthen pot with a small quantity of water. This she boiled over the fire and kept piercing it with a nail set in the end of a stick, which he observing, she hid the stick and made use of a knife for this purpose. She practised divinations with cards to ascertain whether any person would be rich or poor, married or single, or whether any one arriving from America brought money or not. There was a ship which ran out to sea in the night, with the Collector of the Customs and some of his officers on board, and while the whole city was in suspense as to their fate, not knowing whither the ship had gone, she informed the second officer of the marine that he might be under no apprehensions, for they had arrived at Naples, without any injury, which in fact turned out to be the case. Furthermore, she used to gather dead men’s bones out of the graveyard, and burn them to powder, but what she did with this powder he did not know. She also made use of certain grains which she obtained at the Convent of Jesus, and observed that in order to be efficacious they should be gathered at the time when our Lord was in his tomb, and not suffered to touch the ground. These practices his wife had learned from a sailor of St Felio Guixots, named Pedro Torrent, according to what she had stated to a woman residing in the house. The deponent had made many exertions to persuade his wife to comply with the precept of the church, and attend mass, but she refused.

    Questioned, what persons were present when these superstitious and necromantic deeds were done, what persons took part in them, what instruments were used, what words spoken, what ceremonies performed, and whether the whole was done seriously or in a jesting manner; whether she was rebuked by any one, and by whom; whether, after being rebuked, she continued the practices, and whether she was in her right mind.

    Answered, that various persons were present on the above occasion, but their names and residences were unknown to him. Many persons likewise unknown had participated in the operations. As to the instruments used, they had been already described, as well as the manner and ceremonies; that it was not done in jest, and she was in her right mind; and finally, that he had often reproved her without effect.

    Questioned, what was the age, personal appearance, and residence of the person in question.

    Answered, that she was about sixty years of age, tall, of a swarthy complexion, and lived in his house.

    Questioned, if he knew that any other person had said or done aught contrary to our Holy Catholic Faith, or against the proceedings of the Holy Office.

    Answered, No.

    The above being read to the deponent, he declared it to be correctly recorded, and that he had nothing to add or alter in relation to it; that it was the truth, and not uttered by him out of malice or ill will against his wife, but solely in obedience to his conscience. Secrecy was enjoined, which he promised, and added his signature.

    MANUEL BAXO.
    JUAN PEDROLS, Commissary.
    Before me — IGNACIO RIBES, Notary.

  • Establécese la Escuela de Mecánica

    La Junta de comercio establece la cátedra de mecánica.