Disputa entre el rabbi Nahmánides y el fraile y judío apóstata Pablo Christiani

Avia el Rey á instancias del ardiente zelo de San Raymundo fundado Academias para que los Ecclesiasticos aprendiessen la lengua Hebrea para la conversion de los judios, floreciendo en este Santo Instituto Ilustres Varones de Barcelona: siendo los mas celebrados Fr. Pablo Christíano, Fr. Arnaldo Sagarra, Fr. Ramon Martin, San Raymundo, y otros de las Ordenes de Predicadores, y Menores; que clarines de la Divina palabra, Angeles del nuevo Testamento confundían los Sequazes de la Ley antigua de Moysen: era el Maestro, y Caudillo de todos los Sequazes un judio natural de Gerona llamado Moysen, el qual por sus escritos, y comentarios sobre Job, y sobre el Penthateuco, le davan el primer lugar entre todos sus Antiguos, y Modernos: Viendo el Santo Obispo de Gerona Don Berenguer, que de la reducción deste docto judio, pendia la conversion, ó confusion de los demás, embió á Barcelona á buscar a Fr. Pablo Christiano para que le convenciesse publicamente en su sinagoga: executólo el Religioso, y quedó á la luz de la verdad, rendido el Rabino erudito; pero como los otros judíos que se hallavan en Cataluña, convenciéndoles dezian, que su Maestro respondería por ellos, embióle á llamar el Rey, y señaló día para publica disputa en su Real Palacio, y fue también convencido como en Gerona, siguiéndole otro docto judio que se llamava Bonastruç, el qual fue desterrado con Real sentencia por las blasfemias que avia publicado contra nuestro Dios, y Señor Iesu-Christo, siendo publicamente quemado su infame libro: (I) estas eran las fiestas, y descanço de nuestro Magnánimo Rey.

(I) Real Archivo de Barcelona, historia del año 1263, letra T folio 120 y columna 264.

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    Alberto Pernales

    Wikipedia inglesa:

    The Disputation of Barcelona (July 20-24 1263) was held at the royal palace of King James I of Aragon in the presence of the King, his court, and many prominent ecclesiastical dignitaries and knights, between Dominican Friar Pablo Christiani, a convert from Judaism to Christianity, and Rabbi Nachmanides (whose full name, Rabbi Moshe ben Nahman Gerondi, is often abbreviated as Ramban). The disputation was organized by Raymond de Penyafort, the superior of Christiani and the confessor of King James. Christiani had been preaching to Jews of Provence. Relying upon the reserve his adversary would be forced to maintain through fear of wounding the feelings of the Christian dignitaries, Christiani assured the King that he could prove the truth of Christianity from the Talmud and other rabbinical writings. Nahmanides complied with the order of the King, but stipulated that complete freedom of speech should be granted.

    […]

    Since the Dominicans claimed the victory, Nahmanides felt compelled to publish the controversy. From this publication Christiani selected certain passages which he construed as blasphemies against Christianity and denounced to his general Raymond de Penyafort. A capital charge was then instituted, and a formal complaint against the work and its author was lodged with the King. James mistrusted the Dominican court and called an extraordinary commission, ordering the proceedings to be conducted in his presence. Nahmanides admitted that he had stated many things against Christianity, but he had written nothing which he had not used in his disputation in the presence of the King, who had granted him freedom of speech.

    The justice of his defense was recognized by the King and the commission, but to satisfy the Dominicans Nahmanides was sentenced to exile for two years and his pamphlet was condemned to be burned. The Dominicans, however, found this punishment too mild and, through Pope Clement IV, they seem to have succeeded in turning the two years’ exile into perpetual banishment. Nahmanides left Aragon never to return again and in 1267 he settled in the Land of Israel. There he founded the oldest active Rabbanite synagogue in the Old City of Jerusalem, the Ramban Synagogue (The Karaite Synagogue precedes the Ramban Synagogue by at least 100 years and at most 400).

    King James appointed a censorship commission to remove the passages deemed offensive from the Talmud. It consisted of Bishop of Barcelona Arnoldo de Guerbo, Raymond de Penyafort, and the Dominicans Arnoldo de Legarra, Pedro de Janua and Ramón Martí (author of Pugio Fidei).

    Existe otra versión inglesa y bien extraña de la disputa (1986) de Geoffrey Sax (Doctor Who, la peli) con Christopher Lee, Toyah Wilcox, Bob Peck, Alan Dobie y Bernard Hepton. No sé que relación guarda con las conversaciones del 1263:

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